Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
31878 => 3 1 8 7 8
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
3 to 1 = 2
1 to 8 = 7
8 to 7 = 1
7 to 8 = 1
8 to 3 = 5
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
2 7 1 1 5 = 27115