Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
53038 => 5 3 0 3 8
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
5 to 3 = 2
3 to 0 = 3
0 to 3 = 3
3 to 8 = 5
8 to 5 = 3
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
2 3 3 5 3 = 23353