Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
33409 => 3 3 4 0 9
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
3 to 3 => 0
3 to 4 => 1
4 to 0 => 4
0 to 9 => 9
9 to 3 => 6
Step 3: Convert distances to codes (0=E[qual],
1 & 9 = C[onsecutive], 2-8 = N[one]):
0 => E
1 => C
4 => N
9 => C
6 => N
Step 4: Combine the filters to a string:
E C N C N = ECNCN